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PowerPC2
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1993-05-25
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Tuesday, May 25, 1993 12:52:35 AM
Power PC Item
From: Bud Man
Subject: PowerPC2
To: Power PC
MACWEEK, 03/22/93
COPYRIGHT Coastal Associates Publishing L.P. 1993
By Jeff Ubois
Developers are enthusiastic about writing for the PowerPC because
of the increased speed and new features it will make possible.
By Jeff Ubois
Despite some uncertainties, software publishers are making firm
commitments to port their applications to the new PowerPC machines.
"Every time you go to a new level of performance you get existing
or new companies coming up with great ideas of what to do with it,"
said Eric Harslem, Apple vice president for desktop products.
A little less than a year ago, developing products for the
PowerPC might have seemed a bit risky. But Apple now stresses that
it will phase out the 680x0 line and replace it with the PowerPC.
"Three to five years from now I think all Mac customers except at
the very low end will be buying the PowerPC," Harslem said.
Developers' reactions to the PowerPC and Apple's efforts to help
them port applications are generally positive.
"Microsoft is very enthusiastic," said Benjamin Waldman, manager
of Macintosh technology at Redmond, Wash-based Microsoft Corp. "What
is really exciting about the PowerPC is you have a lot more power
available, and you know there are a lot of processor-intensive
things that will work a lot better."
Although existing Mac applications will run under the PowerPC's
emulation mode, "We want to go beyond that; you need native code to
take advantage of the speed of the chip," Waldman said. "We'll have
Word and Excel for the PowerPC available when [the PowerPC-based
Macs] ship."
And for users, availability of software written in native code is
key to justifying the purchase of a PowerPC-based machine.
Developers' perspectives. Developers of high-end applications
share Waldman's enthusiasm, partly because of the chip's speed but
also for the new features it will enable.
"Color publishing just screams for more horsepower," said Dave
Roberts, director of publishing products at Seattle-based Aldus
Corp. Roberts added that faster speeds could also increase user
productivity by allowing activities such as repagination to run in
the background.
Programs that tax current Mac models - and sometimes their users'
patience - should deliver much better performance and thus win a
wider audience once ported to the PowerPC. Officials of Insignia
Solutions Inc. of Mountain View, Calif., for example, said that
SoftPC, its IBM PC emulator software, achieves 486 performance and
more on RISC platforms.
Others argue that even routine applications could use more speed.
"If you look at word processing, you might say you can type only so
fast, so why do you need this kind of power?" said Brad Burnham,
president of Echo Logic Inc. of Holmdel, N.J. "Yet there are people
in the newspaper business, for example, where justification and
hyphenation runs take forever, even on Quadras. There are also many
users running large businesses on a spreadsheet, and for them even
spreadsheets have become real CPU hogs."
Microsoft's Waldman agreed that the PowerPC will be a boon for
users of large spreadsheets, especially those who want to add extra
touches such as QuickTime movies.
Still, the appeal of lightning-fast traditional applications is
limited. As Harslem put it, "MacWrite running 10 times faster won't
have overwhelming appeal to the average user." So developers also
are looking to create new applications and beef up existing ones
with innovative features.
Most developers are vague about specific new features the PowerPC
will enable, but voice recognition, handwriting recognition,
modemless telephony, 3-D graphics and video are usually mentioned.
Multiplatform developers. Companies that already have products
running on multiple platforms probably have an edge in developing
for the PowerPC.
"We always want faster hardware, and we're not worried about
porting difficulties because our software already runs on several
platforms, including the RS/6000, from which the PowerPC is
derived," said Doug Stein, member of the technical staff of the
MathLink Development Group at Wolfram Research Inc. of Champaign,
Ill.
Chris Butler, manager of Macintosh development at Frame
Technology Corp. of San Jose, Calif., said: "FrameMaker is already
ported to 30 platforms, so we've worked through a lot of the kinks
associated with going over to different architectures. We are very
enthusiastic about making a PowerPC product."
Like Stein and others, Butler applauded Apple's efforts to help
the developer community. "Apple has done a good job in getting
information out to developers. Overall, the disclosure level has
been pretty good," he said.
Uncertainties. Even developers committed to the PowerPC are
wrestling with numerous uncertainties about marketing, the quality
and availability of tools and compilers, and how to port their code.
Waldman said Microsoft was uncertain whether software for the
PowerPC would be considered an upgrade or treated as a new and
separate version. "We have to think about pricing and distribution
issues," Waldman said. "For example, do you ship both versions in
the same box? If you have two boxes, will dealers want to stock all
your different versions?"
Manny Menendez, president of Deneba Software of Miami, said his
company would probably offer a PowerPC version of Canvas as an
upgrade. "Right now, we are planning to handle it as an upgrade
rather than a new version and [treat] the PowerPC as if it were just
another Mac model," he said. "But, of course, that is subject to
change without notice."
Others are thinking about potential technical problems. "There
are tons of uncertainties," said Frame Technology's Butler. "Are the
compilers good enough to produce good code? That is the one I am
focused on."
Apple is pushing developers to use American National Standards
Institute C code and will be offering a new C/C++ compiler developed
with Lucid Inc. of Menlo Park, Calif. In the meantime, Apple
recommends IBM Corp.'s compiler for the RS/6000 as an interim means
to clean up old code.
Wolfram's Stein also has doubts about the C compiler. "For us,
the question is whether the C compiler Apple is going to use is good
or not; if the tools are acceptable, then we are fine."
Third-party tools are another issue, but several companies are
working on the problem. "We are working with Apple with the
intention of supporting our development tools on the PowerPC," said
Steven Levine, product marketing manager for the Bedrock framework
at Symantec Corp. of Cupertino, Calif. "We think the PowerPC will
provide excellent performance for developers using our cross-
platform development tools."
Porting the code. Porting 680x0 programs for the Mac - often
written in a hodgepodge of Pascal, C, C++, assembly and other
languages - to the rigid C code needed by the PowerPC is shaping up
to be a serious challenge.
Developers have several options to choose from:
> Rewrite code from scratch.
> Recompile their code if it is already in C or C++.
> Translate their source code manually, then recompile.
> Use Echo Logic's FlashPort binary-level translator.
> Rely on Apple's 680x0 emulator.
According to developers, complete rewrites probably won't be
necessary often. "The programmatic interface in the PowerPC will be
identical to the Mac," said Echo Logic's Burnham, "so rewrites are
not to take advantage of new functionality but to improve the cross-
platform capabilities and go back to clean up old code to improve
performance and shrink code size."
For example, he said, developers may want to write a more
GUIindependent code base so they can use shared libraries for their
Mac and Windows versions.
Pros and cons. According to developers, programs written using
ANSIstandard versions of C probably can be recompiled easily. "The
recompile is going to be the most attractive option for people who
have relatively portable code," Burnham said.
Companies with large investments in a Pascal code base have
several options. Language Systems Corp. of Herndon, Va., is
developing a Pascal compiler that will create native PowerPC code.
"We expect to ship in July, and the price will be a few hundred
rather than a few thousand dollars," said company Chairman and CEO
Rich Norling.
Sierra Software Innovation of Incline Village, Nev., is offering
p2c, an automatic Pascal-to-C language translator. The company also
offers engineering and translation services.
Assembly-language translation tools are available from MicroAPL
Ltd. of London.
Echo Logic's FlashPort takes a completely different approach. It
performs binary-level translations to native PowerPC code from a
variety of sources. The company, which is working closely with
Apple, said its approach allows it to generate native PowerPC code
from Mac applications written using different languages and
different compilers.
"We don't care whether the code is Pascal, C, Modula 2, assembly
or any combination of those," Burnham said. "When you do a source-
level translation, you have a great sense of optimism because in a
matter of a day or so it gives you 90 percent of the code
automatically generated. But the question is, what does it take to
fix the remaining 10 percent?"
Burnham said Echo Logic would announce prices and a shipping date
soon.
Finally, the PowerPC also will run plain-vanilla Mac applications
using an emulation mode expected to offer performance at least
equivalent to the Mac IIci. Some companies will use the emulator to
run portions of their code that they don't want to port.
Wolfram's Stein, for example, explained that Mathematica on the
Mac uses two binaries, a kernel and the user interface. Wolfram may
simply port the kernel, which is where most of the performance
increase will be noticed, and let the user-interface module run on
the emulator.
Others say the emulator just isn't fast enough. "The emulator
works very nicely, but it is slow compared with what the PowerPC is
capable of doing," Butler said. "I wouldn't encourage someone to buy
a PowerPC and run FrameMaker in emulation mode."
Worth the wait? Clearly, the PowerPC is changing the way
developers think about the Mac, their product lines, as well as
emerging voice, video and handwriting applications.
The PowerPC also will transform Apple's networking strategies.
PowerPCbased servers could help the company expand its foothold in
corporate networks. And the chip's faster speeds could swamp
existing networks, requiring 100-Mbps Ethernet or Fiber Distributed
Data Interface.
Developers agreed that the availability of software is vital to
the success of the PowerPC. Ultimately, how quickly users begin
adopting the PowerPC is directly related to when PowerPC software
really becomes available. BEGIN TABLE
PowerPC porting options for developers
Porting method Advantages Disadvantages
Emulation Free, takes no work Slow
Recompile code Fast, straightforward Not always
possible
Source translation Quick first cut Details may take
time to fix
FlashPort Fast, handles multiple Available from
only
(binary translation) language types one vendor
END TABLE
Developers already are beginning to get a sense of where problems
are likely to crop up when porting their applications to PowerPC
machines.
"There are three areas where people will get into trouble," said
Doug Stein, member of the technical staff of the MathLink
Development Group at Wolfram Research Inc. of Champaign, Ill. "One
is if they are depending on the control definition function, code
that is inherently 68000 code; another is if they are using a lot of
assembly language; and the third is the issue of floating point
because the size of the floating point is different on the PowerPC
from 68000 Macs."
Rich Norling, chairman and CEO of Language Systems Corp. of
Herndon, Va., warned that many developers will have to modify their
applications because the PowerPC supports only single- and double-
precision math, not the extended precision format available on the
680x0 family.
"Applications that use floating-point data types can't use
automatic translation on assembly language," he said. "Those folks
will have to switch their application to double precision and
recompile."